Most herbs found in the average kitchen are thought to be simply flavor enhancers.  Although these herbs do indeed add depth to the flavor of food they also offer some wonderful health benefits as well.

Chives (Allium schoenoprasum)
Chives are part of a large genus of approximately 500 species of mostly strong-smelling perennials that contain bulbs or underground stems. These allium herbs include garlic, onions, scallions, leeks, and chives, and belong to the lily family. Various allium species have been cultivated since earliest times and are universally important as vegetables, flavorings, and medicinal plants.

These allium herbs were popular among the Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. The strong odor, so typical of these herbs, is due to a variety of sulfur compounds, such as alkyl sulfoxides and allyl sulfides. They are reported to have beneficial effects on the circulatory, digestive and respiratory systems.

A cousin to the onion and garlic, chives contain substantial amounts of vitamin C as well as potassium, iron, folic acid, and calcium, all necessary for a well-rounded, nutritious meal. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), chives are used to stop a runny nose or clear a stuffy one. Chives have also been helpful throughout centuries for keeping bad breath away, strengthening the muscles in the lower back, increasing circulation, and calming churning stomachaches.

Chives have similar properties to other allium vegetables, except that chives are milder, since they have fewer sulfur compounds. While garlic or onions are well documented to possess anticancer, anticlotting, hypolipidemic, antibacterial, antiviral, and decongestant properties, chives could be expected to possess similar, but substantially attenuated, characteristics.

Population studies have shown that a higher intake of allium vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of several types of cancers. The organosulfur compounds they contain inhibit tumor growth and cell proliferation, and arrest the cell cycle in tumor cells. Allium vegetables, including chives, especially have a protective effect against both esophageal and stomach cancer as well as prostate cancer. The highest antioxidant activity in chives is observed in the leaves, which are also rich in flavonoids.

There are no side effects or dangers from the use of chives. However, large quantities may cause stomach irritation.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)

Rosemary was well known to the ancient Greeks and Romans. In the ancient world, it had a reputation for improving memory and rejuvenating the spirits. Greek scholars wore garlands of rosemary during examinations in order to improve their memory and concentration. Shakespeare also wrote that rosemary was good for the memory.

An ancient superstition led people to bind rosemary to their legs to relieve themselves of pain from gout. It was often used at funerals, in Christmas decorations, and at weddings. Rosemary was often given to the bride with the hope that she will enjoy a happy marriage.

While rosemary is associated with various legends, it finds common use today as a fragrance in soaps, shampoos, hair conditioners, and bath lotions. The oil is used in perfumery, ointments, cosmetics, and aromatherapy. The dried leaves can also add fragrance to a potpourri.

The fresh or dried leaves and flowering tops of rosemary are used for a variety of medicinal benefits. In traditional European medicine, rosemary has been used internally as a tonic, stimulant, and as a carminative to treat flatulence. It is also used to treat dyspepsia, mild gastrointestinal upsets, colds, headaches, and nervous tension. In India and China, rosemary leaves are used to treat headaches.

Early in American history rosemary was used as an antispasmodic, to stimulate the appetite and improve digestion. Today, rosemary is recognized for its ability to stimulate bile secretion and for its anti-inflammatory properties. People gargle rosemary tea to help heal mouth ulcers and canker sores.

Rosemary oil can be distilled from the leaves of the plant, mixed with a vegetable oil, and used for massage. Applied externally this oil is used for relief from muscular and arthritic pain. In Europe, rosemary oil is used to treat rheumatic conditions, bruises, and circulatory problems. When applied externally the oil appears to stimulate an increased blood supply. In addition, rosemary oil or some freshly cut sprigs can be added to bath water to soothe aching muscles and joints.

Rosemary leaf contains important phenolic components such as rosmarinic, chlorogenic, and caffeic acids, and a host of health-promoting flavonoids that possess strong antioxidant properties. The terpenoids in rosemary, such as rosmarinic acid, rosmanol, carnosol and ursolic acid provide effective anti-inflammatory benefits, while ursolic acid conveys anti-tumor properties.

The volatile oil of rosemary has some antiseptic properties. It contains a high percentage of 1,8-cineole (providing the fresh eucalyptus-like fragrance), and other major terpenoid components including “-pinene, “-terpineol, and camphor. The pleasant fragrance of rosemary is due largely to the presence of verbenone.

Rosemary extract has been shown to produce a significant decrease in the incidence of breast tumors that were induced in laboratory animals. Dr Dannenberg recently discovered that carnosol in rosemary extract can protect against cancer. Carnosol blocks the expression of the human gene responsible for making the enzyme COX-2. This enzyme normally plays an important role in the development of colon, breast and other cancers.

The British Herbal Pharmacopoeia reports that rosemary has antibacterial and antispasmodic action. An extract of rosemary can also produce an increase in bile secretion, thus aiding in fat digestion. The German Commission E approves the internal use of rosemary leaf for dyspeptic complaints and the external use as supportive therapy for rheumatic conditions and peripheral circulatory disorders.

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